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Ịdị adị nke ọla ndị radieshon microwave na-ewepụta bụ arụmụka n'ihi na ọla na-enwu ngwa ngwa.Ma ihe na-adọrọ mmasị bụ na ndị nchọpụta ahụ chọpụtara na arc na-ewepụta ihe na-enye ụzọ dị mma maka njikọ nke nanomaterials site na kewara ụmụ irighiri ihe.Ọmụmụ ihe a na-emepe usoro sịntetịtịk nke nwere otu nzọụkwụ ma dị ọnụ ala nke na-ejikọta ọkụ ọkụ microwave na arc eletrik iji gbanwee mmanụ nkwụ ka ọ bụrụ magnetik nanocarbon (MNC), nke enwere ike iwere dị ka ihe ọhụrụ maka mmepụta mmanụ nkwụ.Ọ na-agụnye njikọ nke ọkara nwere eriri igwe anaghị agba nchara (dielectric medium) na ferrocene (catalyst) n'okpuru ọnọdụ inert na-adịgide adịgide.E gosipụtara usoro a nke ọma maka ikpo ọkụ na okpomọkụ site na 190.9 ruo 472.0 ° C na oge nhazi dị iche iche (10-20 min).MNC ndị a kwadebere ọhụrụ gosipụtara oghere nwere nkezi nha nke 20.38-31.04 nm, usoro mesoporous (SBET: 14.83-151.95 m2 / g) na nnukwu ọdịnaya nke carbon edobere (52.79-71.24 wt.%), yana D na G. bandeji (ID/g) 0.98–0.99.Nhazi nke elu ọhụrụ dị na FTIR spectrum (522.29-588.48 cm-1) na-agba akaebe maka ọnụnọ nke ogige FeO na ferrocene.Magnetometer na-egosi saturation ndọta dị elu (22.32–26.84 emu/g) na ihe ferromagnetic.Egosiputala ojiji nke MNC na ọgwụgwọ mmiri na-ekpofu mmiri site n'ịtụle ikike mgbasa ozi ha site na iji nyocha mgbasa ozi methylene blue (MB) na ntinye dị iche iche site na 5 ruo 20 ppm.MNC nwetara n'oge njikọ (20 min) gosipụtara arụmọrụ mgbasa ozi kachasị elu (10.36 mg / g) ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndị ọzọ, na ọnụego mwepụ nke MB bụ 87.79%.Ya mere, ụkpụrụ Langmuir adịghị enwe nchekwube ma e jiri ya tụnyere ụkpụrụ Freundlich, yana R2 bụ ihe dịka 0.80, 0.98 na 0.99 maka MNCs arụpụtara na 10 min (MNC10), 15 min (MNC15) na 20 min (MNC20) n'otu n'otu.N'ihi ya, usoro mgbasa ozi nọ n'ọnọdụ dị iche iche.Ya mere, ngwa ndakwa nri arcing na-enye usoro na-ekwe nkwa maka ịtụgharị CPO na MNC, nke nwere ike wepụ ihe eji esiji eme ihe.
Radieshon Microwave nwere ike kpoo akụkụ ime ime nke ihe site na mmekọrịta molekụla nke oghere electromagnetic.Nzaghachi ngwa ndakwa nri a pụrụ iche n'ihi na ọ na-akwalite nzaghachi okpomọkụ ngwa ngwa na otu.Ya mere, ọ ga-ekwe omume mee ka usoro ikpo ọkụ dị ngwa ma kwalite mmeghachi omume kemịkal2.N'otu oge ahụ, n'ihi oge mmeghachi omume dị mkpụmkpụ, mmeghachi omume microwave nwere ike mechaa mepụta ngwaahịa dị ọcha na nnukwu mkpụrụ3,4.N'ihi ihe ndị dị ịtụnanya ya, radieshon microwave na-eme ka njikọ microwave na-atọ ụtọ nke a na-eji n'ọtụtụ ọmụmụ, gụnyere mmeghachi omume kemịkal na njikọ nke nanomaterials5,6.N'oge usoro kpo oku, ihe dielectric nke onye na-anabata ya n'ime ọkara na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa, ebe ọ bụ na ọ na-emepụta ebe na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ, nke na-eduga na ịmepụta nanocarbons dị iche iche na ọdịdị dị iche iche.Ọmụmụ nke Omoriyekomwan et al.Mmepụta nke carbon nanofibers oghere site na mkpụrụ nkwụ na-eji carbon na nitrogen8 arụ ọrụ.Na mgbakwunye, Fu na Hamid kpebiri iji ihe na-akpali akpali maka mmepụta nke nkwụ mmanụ na-arụ ọrụ carbon na oven microwave 350 W9.Ya mere, enwere ike iji usoro yiri nke ahụ gbanwee mmanụ nkwụ na MNC site n'iwebata ndị na-akpachapụ anya kwesịrị ekwesị.
A hụla ihe na-adọrọ mmasị n'etiti radieshon microwave na ọla nwere akụkụ dị nkọ, ntụpọ ma ọ bụ mmebi nke submicroscopic10.Ọnụnọ nke ihe abụọ a ga-emetụta ọkụ eletrik ma ọ bụ ọkụ ọkụ (nke a na-akpọkarị nkwụsị arc) 11,12.Akụ ahụ ga-akwalite nguzobe nke ebe na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ ma na-emetụta mmeghachi omume ahụ, si otú ahụ na-emeziwanye ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ nke gburugburu ebe obibi13.Ihe omume a na-adọrọ mmasị adọtala ọmụmụ dị iche iche dị ka mwepụ mmetọ14,15, biomass tar cracking16, microwave helped pyrolysis17,18 na material synthesis19,20,21.
N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, nanocarbons dị ka carbon nanotubes, carbon nanospheres, na graphene oxide gbanwetụrụ adọtala uche n'ihi ihe onwunwe ha.Nanocarbons ndị a nwere ikike dị ukwuu maka ngwa sitere na ọgbọ ike ruo nchacha mmiri ma ọ bụ decontamination23.Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, a na-achọ ihe ndị dị mma carbon, ma n'otu oge ahụ, a chọrọ ezigbo magnetik.Nke a bara uru nke ukwuu maka ngwa multifunctional gụnyere nnukwu mgbasa ozi nke ion metal na akwa na ọgwụgwọ mmiri mmiri, magnetik modifiers na biofuels na ọbụna elu arụmọrụ ngwa ndakwa nri absorbers24,25,26,27,28.N'otu oge ahụ, carbons ndị a nwere uru ọzọ, gụnyere mmụba na mpaghara elu nke saịtị na-arụ ọrụ sample.
N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, nchọpụta banyere ihe nanocarbon magnetik anọwo na-arị elu.A, magnetik nanocarbons bụ multifunctional ihe nwere nanosized magnetik ihe nwere ike ime ka mpụga catalysts meghachi omume, dị ka mpụga electrostatic ma ọ bụ ọzọ magnetik fields29.N'ihi ihe ndọta ha, enwere ike ijikọ magnetik nanocarbons yana ọtụtụ ihe na-arụ ọrụ na ihe dị mgbagwoju anya maka immobilization30.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, magnetik nanocarbons (MNCs) na-egosi arụmọrụ dị mma n'ịgbasa mmetọ site na ngwọta mmiri.Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, ebe dị elu dị elu na oghere ndị e guzobere na MNC nwere ike ịbawanye ikike mgbasa ozi31.Ndị na-ekewapụta magnetik nwere ike ikewapụ MNC na ngwọta na-emeghachi omume nke ukwuu, na-atụgharị ha ka ọ bụrụ sorbent32 nwere ike ime ma nwee ike ịchịkwa.
Ọtụtụ ndị nchọpụta egosila na enwere ike ịmepụta nanocarbons dị elu site na iji raw palm oil33,34.A na-ewere mmanụ nkwụ, nke a maara nke ọma dị ka Elais Guneensis, dị ka otu n'ime mmanụ oriri dị mkpa nke nwere ihe dị ka nde tọn 76.55 na 202135. Crude palm oil ma ọ bụ CPO nwere oke nha nke unsaturated fatty acids (EFAs) na fatty acids. (Singapore Monetary Authority).Ọtụtụ n'ime hydrocarbons dị na CPO bụ triglycerides, glyceride nke mejupụtara atọ triglyceride acetate components na otu glycerol components36.Enwere ike ịchịkọta hydrocarbons ndị a n'ihi nnukwu ikuku carbon ha, na-eme ka ha bụrụ ihe mmalite akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ maka mmepụta nanocarbon37.Dị ka akwụkwọ ndị ahụ si kwuo, CNT37,38,39,40, carbon nanospheres33,41 na graphene34,42,43 na-ejikarị mmanụ nkwụ ma ọ bụ mmanụ oriri eme ihe.Nanocarbons ndị a nwere ikike dị ukwuu na ngwa sitere na ọgbọ ike ruo nchacha mmiri ma ọ bụ mkpochapụ.
Ngwakọta okpomọkụ dị ka CVD38 ma ọ bụ pyrolysis33 aghọwo ụzọ dị mma maka ire ere nkwụ.N'ụzọ dị mwute, okpomọkụ dị elu na usoro ahụ na-abawanye ọnụ ahịa mmepụta.Ịmepụta ihe kachasị amasị 44 chọrọ usoro dị ogologo, na-agwụ ike na ụzọ nhicha.Otú ọ dị, ọ dị mkpa maka ikewapụ anụ ahụ na mgbawa bụ ihe a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha n'ihi nkwụsi ike dị mma nke mmanụ nkwụ na nnukwu okpomọkụ45.Ya mere, a ka na-achọrọ okpomọkụ dị elu iji gbanwee mmanụ nkwụ ka ọ bụrụ ihe carbonaceous.Enwere ike iwere arc mmiri mmiri dị ka ikike kachasị mma na usoro ọhụrụ maka njikọ magnetik nanocarbon 46.Ụzọ a na-enye ume kpọmkwem maka ndị na-ebu ụzọ na ngwọta na steeti nwere oke obi ụtọ.Mwepu arc nwere ike ime ka eriri carbon dị na mmanụ nkwụ gbawa.Otú ọ dị, oghere electrode a na-eji nwere ike ime ka ọ bụrụ ihe siri ike chọrọ, nke ga-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ya mere a ka kwesịrị ịmepụta usoro dị mma.
Dị ka ihe ọmụma anyị si mara, nyocha banyere ịgbapụta arc na-eji microwaves dị ka usoro maka ịmepụta nanocarbons nwere oke.N'otu oge ahụ, a chọpụtabeghị iji mmanụ nkwụ crude dị ka ihe mbụ.Ya mere, ọmụmụ ihe a na-achọ ịchọpụta ohere nke imepụta nanocarbons magnetik sitere na mmanụ nkwụ raw ntụ ntụ site na iji arc eletrik na-eji oven microwave.Ekwesịrị igosipụta ụbara nkwụ na ngwaahịa na ngwa ọhụrụ.Uzo ohuru a maka ncha ncha nwere ike inye aka kwalite ngalaba aku na uba ma buru uzo ozo isi enweta ego maka ndi na-aputa nkwu, okachasi metutara obere ugbo nkwu.Dika nyocha nke ndi obere Afrika nke Ayompe et al siri gosi, ndi ntakiri na-enweta ego karia ma oburu na ha haziri uyọri nkpuru osisi n'onwe ha wee ree nkwu nkwu kama ire ya ndi etiti, nke bu oru di oke onu ma dikwa ike47.N'otu oge ahụ, mmụba nke mmechi ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe n'ihi COVID-19 emetụtala ngwaahịa ngwa nkwụ sitere na mmanụ.N'ụzọ na-akpali mmasị, ebe ọ bụ na ọtụtụ ezinụlọ nwere ohere ịnweta oven microwave na usoro a tụrụ aro n'ọmụmụ ihe a nwere ike ịre na ọ ga-ekwe omume ma dị ọnụ ala, a pụrụ ịtụle mmepụta MNC dị ka ihe ọzọ na-emepụta obere nkwụ mmanụ.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, n'ọtụtụ buru ibu, ụlọ ọrụ nwere ike itinye ego na nnukwu reactors iji mepụta nnukwu TNC.
Ọmụmụ ihe a na-ekpuchi usoro nhazi site na iji igwe anaghị agba nchara dị ka dielectric media maka oge dị iche iche.Imirikiti ọmụmụ ihe n'ozuzu iji microwaves na nanocarbons na-atụ aro oge njikọ anabatara nke nkeji 30 ma ọ bụ karịa33,34.Iji kwado echiche bara uru enwere ike ịnweta, ihe ọmụmụ a bu n'obi inweta MNC n'oge na-erughị nkezi njikọ.N'otu oge ahụ, ọmụmụ ihe na-ese onyinyo nke ịdị njikere nkà na ụzụ ọkwa 3 dị ka a na-egosipụta echiche ahụ ma tinye ya n'ọrụ na ụlọ nyocha.Mgbe e mesịrị, e ji mara ndị MNC ndị a sitere na anụ ahụ, kemịkalụ na ihe ndọta.A na-eji Methylene blue mee ihe iji gosipụta ikike mgbasa ozi nke MNC ndị a rụpụtara.
E nwetara mmanụ nkwụ crude site na Apas Balung Mill, Sawit Kinabalu Sdn.Bhd., Tawau, ma ejiri ya mee ihe dị ka carbon precursor maka njikọ.N'okwu a, a na-eji waya igwe anaghị agba nchara nke nwere dayameta nke 0.90 mm dị ka onye na-ahụ maka dielectric.Ferrocene (99%), nke enwetara site na Sigma-Aldrich, USA, ka a họọrọ dị ka ihe na-akpali akpali n'ọrụ a.A na-ejikwa Methylene blue (Bendosen, 100 g) mee ihe maka nyocha mgbasa ozi.
N'ime ọmụmụ ihe a, a tụgharịrị oven microwave nke ezinaụlọ (Panasonic: SAM-MG23K3513GK) ka ọ bụrụ igwe ọkụ ọkụ.E mere oghere atọ n'akụkụ elu nke oven microwave maka ntinye na ntinye gas na thermocouple.A na-eji tubes seramiiki kpuchie ihe nyocha thermocouple ma tinye ya n'okpuru otu ọnọdụ maka nnwale ọ bụla iji gbochie ihe mberede.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-eji igwe ikuku borosilicate nwere mkpuchi oghere atọ iji nabata ihe nlele na trachea.Enwere ike ịtụ aka na eserese schematic nke igwe nrụnye microwave na foto mgbakwunye 1.
Iji mmanụ crude crude dị ka carbon precursor na ferrocene dị ka ihe na-akpali akpali, magnetik nanocarbons e synthesized.Ihe dị ka 5% n'ịdị arọ nke ferrocene catalyst bụ nke a kwadebere site na usoro slurry catalyst.A na-agwakọta Ferrocene na 20 ml nke mmanụ nkwụ na 60 rpm maka nkeji 30.Mgbe ahụ, a na-ebufe ngwakọta ahụ na alumina crucible, na eriri igwe anaghị agba nchara 30 cm ogologo wee tinye ya n'ime oghere.Tinye alumina crucible n'ime igwe ọkụ ọkụ ma chekwaa ya na nchekwa n'ime oven microwave na mkpuchi iko mechiri emechi.A na-afụ nitrogen n'ime ụlọ 5 nkeji tupu mmalite nke mmeghachi omume iji wepụ ikuku na-achọghị n'ime ụlọ ahụ.A na-abawanye ike ngwa ndakwa nri ruo 800W n'ihi na nke a bụ ike ngwa ndakwa nri kachasị nke nwere ike ịnọgide na-enwe ezigbo mmalite arc.Ya mere, nke a nwere ike inye aka na ịmepụta ọnọdụ dị mma maka mmeghachi omume synthetic.N'otu oge ahụ, nke a bụkwa oke ike a na-ejikarị na watts maka mmeghachi omume fusion microwave48,49.A na-ekpocha ngwakọta ahụ maka nkeji 10, 15 ma ọ bụ 20 n'oge mmeghachi omume ahụ.Mgbe emechara mmeghachi omume ahụ, a na-eme ka reactor na ngwa ndakwa nri dị jụụ n'ime ụlọ okpomọkụ.Ngwaahịa ikpeazụ dị na alumina crucible bụ mkpọda ojii nwere wires helical.
A na-anakọta mkpọda ojii ma jiri ethanol, isopropanol (70%) na mmiri distilled sachaa ọtụtụ oge ọzọ.Mgbe ịsachara na ihicha, ngwaahịa a na-akpọnwụ n'abali na 80 Celsius n'ime oven a na-emekarị iji kpochapụ adịghị ọcha na-achọghị.Ewekọtara ngwaahịa a maka njirimara.A na-eji ihe nlele akpọrọ MNC10, MNC15, na MNC20 iji mepụta nanocarbons magnetik maka 10 min, 15 min, na 20 min.
Leba anya n'ọdịdị MNC site na iji microscope eletrọn na-enyocha ikuku ikuku ma ọ bụ FESEM (ụdị Zeiss Auriga) na mmụba 100 ruo 150 kX.N'otu oge ahụ, a na-enyocha ihe mejupụtara nke elemental site na ume-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS).A na-eme nyocha EMF n'ebe dị anya nke 2.8 mm na voltaji na-agba ọsọ nke 1 kV.A na-eji usoro Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) tụrụ kpọmkwem ebe dị n'elu na MNC pore, gụnyere adsorption-desorption isotherm nke N2 na 77 K. A na-eme nyocha ahụ site na iji mita elu ihe nlereanya (MICROMERITIC ASAP 2020). .
Ekpebiri kristal na akụkụ nke nanocarbons magnetik site na X-ray powder diffraction ma ọ bụ XRD (Burker D8 Advance) na λ = 0.154 nm.Edekọbara diffractogram n'etiti 2θ = 5 na 85° na nyocha nyocha nke 2° min-1.Na mgbakwunye, a nyochara usoro kemịkalụ nke MNC site na iji Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).Emere nyocha ahụ site na iji Perkin Elmer FTIR-Spectrum 400 nwere ọsọ nyocha sitere na 4000 ruo 400 cm-1.N'ịmụ njirimara nhazi nke magnetik nanocarbons, Raman spectroscopy mere site na iji laser neodymium-doped (532 nm) na U-RAMAN spectroscopy na ebumnobi 100X.
A na-eji magnetometer na-ama jijiji ma ọ bụ VSM (usoro ọdọ mmiri Shore 7400) iji tụọ saturation magnetik nke iron oxide na MNC.Ejiri oghere magnetik nke ihe dịka 8 kOe wee nweta isi 200.
Mgbe ị na-amụ ike nke MNC dị ka adsorbents na nyocha mgbasa ozi, a na-eji cationic dye methylene blue (MB) mee ihe.MNCs (20 mg) na-agbakwunyere na 20 ml nke ngwọta mmiri nke methylene acha anụnụ anụnụ nwere ụkpụrụ ọkọlọtọ na nso 5-20 mg/L50.Edebere pH nke ngwọta na pH na-anọpụ iche nke 7 n'oge ọmụmụ ihe niile.A kpalitere ihe ngwọta ahụ na 150 rpm na 303.15 K na rotary shaker (Lab Companion: SI-300R).A na-eji magnet kewapụ ndị MNC.Jiri spectrophotometer na-ahụ anya nke UV (Varian Cary 50 UV-Vis Spectrophotometer) iji hụ nleba anya nke ngwọta MB tupu na mgbe nnwale mgbasa ozi gasịrị, ma rụtụ aka na usoro ọkọlọtọ blue methylene na ogologo ogologo nke 664 nm.Emegharịrị nnwale ahụ ugboro atọ ma nyere uru nkezi uru.A na-agbakọ mwepụ nke MG na ngwọta site na iji nchịkọta izugbe maka ọnụọgụ MC adsorbed na nha nha qe na pasent nke iwepụ %.
A na-eme nnwale na isotherm adsorption site na mkpali dị iche iche (5-20 mg / l) nke ngwọta MG na 20 mg nke adsorbent na okpomọkụ nke 293.15 K. mg maka MNC niile.
A mụọla ígwè na carbon magnetik nke ọma n'ime iri afọ ole na ole gara aga.Ihe ndọta ndị a sitere na carbon na-adọta uche na-abawanye ụba n'ihi njirimara elektrọn ha dị mma, na-eduga na ngwa teknụzụ dị iche iche nwere ike, ọkachasị na ngwa eletriki na ọgwụgwọ mmiri.N'ime ọmụmụ ihe a, a na-emepụta nanocarbons site na mgbawa hydrocarbons n'ime mmanụ nkwụ crude site na iji mwepu microwave.A na-eme njikọ ahụ n'oge dị iche iche, site na 10 ruo 20 min, na nhazi nhazi (5: 1) nke onye na-ebu ụzọ na onye na-emepụta ihe, na-eji onye na-anakọta ígwè ugbu a (SS) na akụkụ nke inert (ikuku na-adịghị mma kpochara na nitrogen na . mmalite nke nnwale).Ihe nkwụnye ego carbonaceous na-esi na ya pụta dị n'ụdị ntụ ntụ siri ike ojii, dị ka egosiri na Mgbakwunye Fig. 2a.Mkpụrụ carbon a na-ebute ụzọ dị ihe dịka 5.57%, 8.21% na 11.67% na oge nhazi nke nkeji iri, nkeji iri na ise na nkeji iri abụọ, n'otu n'otu.Ihe atụ a na-egosi na oge njikọ ogologo na-enye aka n'ịmepụta ihe dị elu51-mkpụrụ dị ala, ọ ga-abụkwa n'ihi oge mmeghachi omume dị mkpirikpi na obere ọrụ mkpali.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a ga-atụtu aka na nhazi ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na oge maka nanocarbons enwetara na eserese 2b.Okpomọkụ kachasị elu enwetara maka MNC10, MNC15 na MNC20 bụ 190.9°C, 434.5°C na 472°C, n'otu n'otu.Maka akụkụ ọ bụla, enwere ike ịhụ mkpọda mkpọda, na-egosi ịrị elu okpomọkụ mgbe niile n'ime reactor n'ihi okpomọkụ a na-emepụta n'oge arc ígwè.Enwere ike ịhụ nke a na 0–2 min, 0–5 min, na 0–8 min maka MNC10, MNC15, na MNC20, n'otu n'otu.Mgbe ha rutere n'otu ebe, mkpọda ahụ na-aga n'ihu na-arị elu ruo n'ogo kachasị elu, mkpọda ahụ na-adịkwa oke.
A na-eji microscopy eletrọn nke na-enyocha ihe ọkụkụ (FESEM) iji lelee ọdịdị elu nke ihe nlele MNC.Dị ka e gosiri na fig.1, magnetik nanocarbons nwere a dịtụ iche morphological Ọdịdị n'oge dị iche iche nke njikọ.Onyonyo nke FESEM MNC10 na fig.1a,b na-egosi na nguzobe nke carbon spheres na-agụnye micro- na nanospheres jikọtara ọnụ na nke jikọtara ya n'ihi nnukwu esemokwu elu.N'otu oge ahụ, ọnụnọ nke ndị agha van der Waals na-eduga na mkpokọta carbon spheres52.Mmụba nke oge njikọ mere ka ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta na mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ dị iche iche n'ihi mmeghachi omume na-agbawa ogologo oge.Na fig.1c na-egosi na MNC15 nwere ọdịdị okirikiri zuru oke.Otú ọ dị, akụkụ ndị a chịkọtara ka nwere ike ịmepụta mesopores, nke nwere ike ịghọ ebe dị mma maka mgbasa ozi na-acha anụnụ anụnụ methylene.Na nnukwu mmụba nke 15,000 ugboro na Fig. 1d ọzọ carbon spheres nwere ike ịhụ agglomerated na nkezi size nke 20.38 nm.
Ihe oyiyi FESEM nke nanocarbons synthesized mgbe 10 min (a, b), 15 min (c, d) na 20 min (e-g) na 7000 na 15000 ugboro nkwalite.
Na fig.1e-g MNC20 na-egosi mmepe nke pores nwere obere oghere n'elu magnetik carbon ma na-ejikọta morphology nke magnetik na-arụ ọrụ carbon53.Oghere nke dayameta na obosara dị iche iche na-adị na-enweghị usoro n'elu carbon magnetik.Ya mere, nke a nwere ike ịkọwa ihe kpatara MNC20 ji gosipụta oke elu na oke pore dị ka nyocha nke BET gosipụtara, dịka ọtụtụ pores na-etolite n'elu ya karịa n'oge ndị ọzọ sịntetik.Micrographs ewepụtara na mmụba dị elu nke ugboro 15,000 gosipụtara nha urughuru nha na ụdị oge ọ bụla, dị ka egosiri na Fig. 1g.Mgbe oge uto na-abawanye ruo nkeji iri abụọ, a na-emepụta spheres ndị ọzọ agglomerated.
N'ụzọ na-akpali mmasị, a hụkwara flakes carbon gbagọrọ agbagọ n'otu mpaghara ahụ.Dayameta nke spheres dịgasị iche site na 5.18 ruo 96.36 nm.Nhazi a nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi ihe omume nke nucleation dị iche iche, nke a na-eme ka ọ dị elu site na okpomọkụ dị elu na microwaves.Nha agba agbakọ nke ndị MNC akwadoro ruru 20.38 nm maka MNC10, 24.80 nm maka MNC15, yana 31.04 nm maka MNC20.A na-egosi oke nkesa okirikiri na fig mgbakwunye.3.
Eserese mgbakwunye 4 na-egosi ụdịdị EDS na nchịkọta ihe mejupụtara nke MNC10, MNC15, na MNC20, n'otu n'otu.Dị ka spectra si kwuo, a chọpụtara na nanocarbon ọ bụla nwere ọnụọgụ C, O, na Fe dị iche.Nke a bụ n'ihi mmeghachi omume oxidation dị iche iche na mgbawa na-eme n'oge oge njikọ ọzọ.A kwenyere na nnukwu C na-abịa site na carbon precursor, mmanụ nkwụ crude.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, pasent dị ala nke O bụ n'ihi usoro oxidation n'oge njikọ.N'otu oge ahụ, Fe na-ekwu na ígwè oxide na-etinye n'elu nanocarbon mgbe ferrocene rere ure.Na mgbakwunye, onyonyo mgbakwunye 5a–c na-egosi eserese nke MNC10, MNC15 na MNC20.Dabere na nkewa isi, a hụrụ na Fe na-ekesa nke ọma n'elu MNC.
Nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis na-enye ozi gbasara usoro mgbasa ozi na usoro porous nke ihe.N2 adsorption isotherms na eserese nke elu MNC BET ka egosiri na fig.2. Dabere na ihe oyiyi FESEM, a na-atụ anya na omume mgbasa ozi ga-egosipụta nchikota nke microporous na mesoporous n'ihi nchịkọta.Otú ọ dị, eserese dị na Fig. 2 na-egosi na adsorbent yiri ụdị IV isotherm na ụdị H2 hysteresis loop nke IUPAC55.Ụdị isotherm a na-adịkarị ka nke ihe mesoporous.A na-ekpebikarị omume mgbasa ozi nke mesopores site na mmekọrịta nke mgbasa ozi-adsorption mmeghachi omume na ụmụ irighiri ihe nke condensed.A na-ebutekarị isotherms adsorption nke S-shaped ma ọ bụ S nke otu-layer-multilayer adsorption na-esote ihe omume nke gas na-abanye n'ime mmiri mmiri na pores na nrụgide n'okpuru nrụgide saturation nke nnukwu mmiri mmiri, nke a maara dị ka condensation pore 56. Mkpokọta capillary na pores na-eme na nrụgide ndị ikwu (p / po) karịa 0.50.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ihe owuwu pore dị mgbagwoju anya na-egosipụta ụdị hysteresis nke H2, bụ nke a na-ekwu na nkwụnye pore ma ọ bụ ntanye n'ime oghere dị warara.
E gosipụtara akụkụ anụ ahụ nke elu nke enwetara site na ule BET na Tebụl 1. Ebe elu BET na mkpokọta pore na-abawanye nke ukwuu site na ịbawanye oge njikọ.Nkezi nha nha nke MNC10, MNC15, na MNC20 bụ 7.2779 nm, 7.6275 nm, na 7.8223 nm, n'otu n'otu.Dịka ndụmọdụ IUPAC siri dị, enwere ike ịkewa oghere ndị a dị n'etiti dị ka ihe mesoporous.Ọdịdị mesoporous nwere ike ime ka methylene acha anụnụ anụnụ dị mfe karịa na MNC57 nwere ike ime ya.Oge nchịkọta kachasị elu (MNC20) gosipụtara mpaghara elu kachasị elu, MNC15 na MNC10 sochiri ya.Ebe elu BET dị elu nwere ike imeziwanye arụmọrụ mgbasa ozi dịka saịtị ndị ọzọ dị elu dị.
A na-egosi usoro mgbasa ozi X-ray nke ndị MNC synthesized na Fig. 3. N'ebe okpomọkụ dị elu, ferrocene na-agbajikwa ma na-emepụta ígwè oxide.Na fig.3a na-egosi ụkpụrụ XRD nke MNC10.Ọ na-egosi elu abụọ na 2θ, 43.0° na 62.32°, nke e kenyere ɣ-Fe2O3 (JCPDS #39-1346).N'otu oge ahụ, Fe3O4 nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu na 2θ: 35.27 °.N'aka nke ọzọ, na MHC15 diffraction ụkpụrụ na Fig. 3b na-egosi ọnụ ọgụgụ ọhụrụ, nke a na-ejikọta ya na mmụba nke okpomọkụ na oge njikọ.Ọ bụ ezie na 2θ: 26.202º ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu na-esiwanye ike, ụkpụrụ dị iche iche kwekọrọ na faịlụ JCPDS graphite (JCPDS #75-1621), na-egosi ọnụnọ nke kristal graphite n'ime nanocarbon.Ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu a adịghị na MNC10, ikekwe n'ihi ọnọdụ okpomọkụ dị ala n'oge nhazi.Na 2θ enwere ọnụ ọgụgụ oge atọ: 30.082 °, 35.502 °, 57.422 ° sitere na Fe3O4.Ọ na-egosikwa elu abụọ na-egosi ọnụnọ ɣ-Fe2O3 na 2θ: 43.102° na 62.632°.N'ihi na MNC synthesized maka 20 min (MNC20), dị ka e gosiri na fig. 3c, a yiri diffraction ụkpụrụ na MNK15.Enwere ike ịhụ ọnụ ọgụgụ eserese dị na 26.382 na MNC20.Ọnụ ọnụ elu atọ dị nkọ egosiri na 2θ: 30.102°, 35.612°, 57.402° bụ maka Fe3O4.Na mgbakwunye, a na-egosi ọnụnọ nke ε-Fe2O3 na 2θ: 42.972° na 62.61.Ọnụnọ nke ogige ígwè oxide na MNC ndị na-akpata nwere ike inwe mmetụta dị mma na ikike nke adsorb methylene blue n'ọdịnihu.
Ekpebiri njirimara njikọ kemịkalụ dị na nlele MNC na CPO site na FTIR reflectance spectra in supplemental Figure 6. Na mbido, ọnụ ọgụgụ isi isii dị mkpa nke mmanụ nkwụ na-anọchi anya ihe anọ dị iche iche dị iche iche dị ka akọwara na Tebụl Mgbakwụnye 1. Isi ọnụ ọnụ ugwu ndị a chọpụtara na CPO. bụ 2913.81 cm-1, 2840 cm-1 na 1463.34 cm-1, nke na-ezo aka na CH na-agbatị vibrations nke alkanes na ndị ọzọ aliphatic CH2 ma ọ bụ CH3 otu.Oke ọhịa ndị a chọpụtara bụ 1740.85 cm-1 na 1160.83 cm-1.Ọnụ kacha elu na 1740.85 cm-1 bụ njikọ C = O nke ester carbonyl nke triglyceride na-arụ ọrụ.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu na 1160.83 cm-1 bụ akara nke CO58.59 ester otu agbatị.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu na 813.54 cm-1 bụ akara nke otu alkane.
Ya mere, ụfọdụ ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu nke nkwụ nkwụ na-apụ n'anya ka oge nchịkọta na-abawanye.A ka nwere ike ịhụ elu na 2913.81 cm-1 na 2840 cm-1 na MNC10, ma ọ bụ ihe na-adọrọ mmasị na na MNC15 na MNC20 ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu na-apụ n'anya n'ihi oxidation.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, nyocha FTIR nke magnetik nanocarbons kpughere ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu nke kpụrụ akpụ na-anọchite anya otu ọrụ ise dị iche iche nke MNC10-20.Edepụtakwara ọnụ ọnụ ndị a na tebụl mgbakwunye 1. Ọnụ kacha elu na 2325.91 cm-1 bụ asymmetric CH gbatịa nke otu aliphatic CH360.Ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu na 1463.34-1443.47 cm-1 na-egosi CH2 na CH na-ehulata nke otu aliphatic dị ka mmanụ nkwụ, mana ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu na-amalite ibelata ka oge na-aga.Ọnụ kacha elu na 813.54–875.35 cm–1 bụ akara nke otu CH-alkane aromatic.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu na 2101.74 cm-1 na 1589.18 cm-1 na-anọchite anya CC 61 agbụ na-emepụta C = C alkyne na mgbanaka aromatic, n'otu n'otu.Obere elu na 1695.15 cm-1 na-egosi njikọ C = O nke fatty acid efu sitere na otu carbonyl.A na-enweta ya site na CPO carbonyl na ferrocene n'oge njikọ.Ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu nke emere ọhụrụ sitere na 539.04 ruo 588.48 cm-1 bụ nke njikọ vibrational Fe-O nke ferrocene.Dabere na ọnụ ọnụ elu egosiri na eserese 4 nke mgbakwunye, enwere ike ịhụ na oge njikọta nwere ike ibelata ọnụ ọgụgụ dị iche iche na njikọta na nanocarbons magnetik.
Nyocha nke Spectroscopic nke Raman na-agbasasị magnetik nanocarbons nwetara n'oge dị iche iche nke njikọ site na iji laser merenụ na ogologo ogologo nke 514 nm na-egosi na foto 4. Ihe ngosi niile nke MNC10, MNC15 na MNC20 nwere eriri abụọ siri ike jikọtara ya na obere sp3 carbon, nke na-emekarị. achọtara na nanographite crystallites nwere ntụpọ na ụdị vibrational nke ụdị carbon sp262.Ọnụ elu nke mbụ, nke dị na mpaghara 1333-1354 cm-1, na-anọchite anya ìgwè D, nke na-adịghị mma maka graphite dị mma ma kwekọọ na nsogbu nhazi na adịghị ọcha ndị ọzọ63,64.Ọnụ elu nke abụọ kachasị mkpa na gburugburu 1537-1595 cm-1 na-ebilite site na njikọ ụgbọ elu ma ọ bụ kristal na ụdị graphite nyere iwu.Otú ọ dị, ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu gbanwere ihe dị ka 10 cm-1 ma e jiri ya tụnyere graphite G band, na-egosi na ndị MNC nwere usoro nchịkọta mpempe akwụkwọ dị ala na nhazi adịghị mma.A na-eji ike ike nke band D na G (ID/IG) iji nyochaa ịdị ọcha nke kristal na ihe atụ graphite.Dabere na nyocha spectroscopic Raman, ndị MNC niile nwere ụkpụrụ ID / IG n'ogo nke 0.98-0.99, na-egosi ntụpọ nhazi n'ihi ngwakọ Sp3.Ọnọdụ a nwere ike ịkọwa ọnụnọ nke ọnụ ọgụgụ 2θ na-adịghị ahụkebe na spectra XPA: 26.20 ° maka MNK15 na 26.28 ° maka MNK20, dị ka e gosiri na Fig. 4, nke e kenyere na graphite kacha elu na faịlụ JCPDS.Ọnụ ọgụgụ ID / IG MNC enwetara na ọrụ a dị na nso nke nanocarbon magnetik ndị ọzọ, dịka ọmụmaatụ, 0.85-1.03 maka usoro hydrothermal na 0.78-0.9665.66 maka usoro pyrolytic.Ya mere, oke a na-egosi na a pụrụ iji usoro sịntetịt dị ugbu a mee ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe.
A na-enyocha njirimara magnetik nke ndị MNC site na iji magnetometer na-ama jijiji.E gosipụtara hysteresis nke pụta na Fig.5.Dị ka a na-achị, MNC na-enweta magnetism ha site na ferrocene n'oge njikọ.Njirimara ndọta ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịbawanye ikike mgbasa ozi nanocarbons n'ọdịnihu.Dị ka egosiri na foto 5, enwere ike ịmata ihe nlele ahụ dị ka ihe superparamagnetic.Dị ka Wahajuddin & Arora67 si kwuo, steeti superparamagnetic bụ na ihe nlele ahụ bụ magnetized na saturation magnetization (MS) mgbe etinyere oghere ndọta.Ka emechara, mmekọrịta magnetik fọdụrụ adịkwaghị apụta na nlele67.Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na saturation magnetization na-abawanye na oge njikọ.N'ụzọ na-akpali mmasị, MNC15 nwere saturation magnetik kachasị elu n'ihi na nhazi magnetik siri ike (magnetization) nwere ike ime site na oge njikọ kacha mma n'ihu magnet nke mpụga.Nke a nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi ọnụnọ nke Fe3O4, nke nwere njirimara magnetik ka mma ma e jiri ya tụnyere ígwè oxides ndị ọzọ dị ka ɣ-Fe2O.Usoro nke oge adsorption nke saturation kwa nkeji nke MNC bụ MNC15>MNC10>MNC20.Enyere paramita magnetik enwetara na tebụl.2.
Uru kacha nta nke saturation magnetik mgbe ị na-eji magnetik na nkewa ndọta bụ ihe dịka 16.3 emu g-1.Ikike nke MNC iji wepụ ihe ndị na-emerụ emerụ dị ka agba agba na gburugburu mmiri na ịdị mfe nke iwepụ MNC aghọwo ihe ndị ọzọ maka nanocarbons nwetara.Nnyocha egosiwo na a na-ewere saturation magnetik nke LSM dị ka ihe dị elu.Ya mere, ihe nlele niile ruru ụkpụrụ saturation magnetik karịa nke zuru oke maka usoro nkewa magnetik.
N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ibe ígwè ma ọ bụ wires adọtala uche dị ka ihe na-akpali akpali ma ọ bụ dielectrics na usoro nhazi ngwa ngwa.Mmeghachi omume microwave nke ọla na-ebute oke okpomọkụ ma ọ bụ mmeghachi omume n'ime reactor.Ọmụmụ ihe a na-ekwu na n'ọnụ na conditioned (chikọtara) igwe anaghị agba nchara na-akwado mwepu ngwa ndakwa nri na igwe kpo oku.Igwe anaghị agba nchara ekwupụtala roughness na n'ọnụ, nke na-eduga na elu ụkpụrụ nke elu ụgwọ njupụta na mpụga electric ubi.Mgbe ụgwọ ahụ enwetala ike kinetic zuru oke, ihe ndị ahụ ebubo ga-esi na igwe anaghị agba nchara pụta, na-eme ka gburugburu ebe obibi ionize, na-emepụta mwepu ma ọ bụ ọkụ 68 .Mwepu ígwè na-enye aka dị ukwuu n'ịgwọ mmeghachi omume mgbawa nke na-esonyere ebe okpomọkụ dị elu.Dị ka map okpomọkụ dị na mgbakwunye Fig. 2b, okpomọkụ na-ebili ngwa ngwa, na-egosi na ọ dị n'ebe dị elu na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na mgbakwunye na ihe mgbapụta siri ike.
N'okwu a, a na-ahụ mmetụta thermal, ebe ọ bụ na electrons na-adịghị ike nwere ike ịkwaga ma tinye uche n'elu na n'ọnụ69.Mgbe igwe anaghị agba nchara merụrụ ahụ, nnukwu elu nke metal na ngwọta na-enyere aka ime ka mmiri dị n'elu ihe ahụ ma na-echekwa mmetụta ọkụ.Ọnọdụ a na-enyere aka n'ụzọ dị irè iji kewaa agbụ carbon ogologo nke CPO na ferrocene na ferrocene.Dị ka e gosiri na Mgbakwunye 2b, ọnụ ọgụgụ okpomọkụ na-adị mgbe niile na-egosi na a na-ahụ mmetụta kpo oku otu na ngwọta.
E gosipụtara usoro a chọrọ maka nguzobe nke MNC na foto mgbakwunye 7. Ogologo ogologo carbon nke CPO na ferrocene na-amalite ịgbawa na oke okpomọkụ.Mmanụ ahụ na-akụda wee mepụta hydrocarbons kewara ekewa nke ghọrọ ihe mmalite carbon nke a maara dị ka globules na onyonyo FESEM MNC1070.N'ihi ike nke gburugburu ebe obibi na nrụgide 71 na ọnọdụ ikuku.N'otu oge ahụ, ferrocene na-agbawakwa, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ka carbon carbon na-etinye na Fe.Ngwa ngwa nucleation na-apụta na carbon core oxidizes ka ọ mepụta carbon amorphous na eserese n'elu isi.Ka oge na-abawanye, nha nke sphere na-aghọ nke ziri ezi na otu.N'otu oge ahụ, ndị agha van der Waals dị adị na-edugakwa na agglomeration nke spheres52.N'oge mbelata nke Fe ion na Fe3O4 na ɣ-Fe2O3 (dị ka usoro nyocha X-ray si kwuo), a na-emepụta ụdị oxides dị iche iche n'elu nanocarbons, nke na-eduga n'ịmepụta nanocarbons magnetik.Maapụ EDS gosiri na adọm Fe ka ekesara nke ọma n'elu elu MNC, dịka egosiri na Mgbakwunye 5a-c.
Ihe dị iche bụ na n'oge nhazi nke nkeji iri abụọ, nchịkọta carbon na-eme.Ọ na-etolite pores buru ibu n'elu MNC, na-atụ aro na a pụrụ ịtụle MNC dị ka carbon arụ ọrụ, dị ka e gosiri na FESEM oyiyi na Fig. 1e-g.Ọdịiche a na nha pore nwere ike jikọta na ntinye nke iron oxide sitere na ferrocene.N'otu oge ahụ, n'ihi oke okpomọkụ ruru, enwere akpịrịkpa ndị nwere nkwarụ.Nanocarbons magnetik na-egosipụta ụdị ọdịdị dị iche iche n'oge njikọ dị iche iche.Nanocarbons yikarịrị ka ọ ga-etolite ụdị okirikiri nwere oge njikọ dị mkpụmkpụ.N'otu oge ahụ, a na-enweta pores na akpịrịkpa, ọ bụ ezie na ọdịiche dị na oge nchịkọta bụ nanị n'ime 5 nkeji.
Nanocarbons magnetik nwere ike wepụ ihe ndị na-emetọ ihe na gburugburu mmiri.Ikike ha nwere ike iwepụ ngwa ngwa mgbe ejiri ya bụ ihe ọzọ maka iji nanocarbons enwetara na ọrụ a dị ka adsorbents.N'ịmụ ihe gbasara adsorption nke magnetik nanocarbons, anyị nyochara ikike nke MNC iji mee ka ngwọta methylene na-acha anụnụ anụnụ (MB) gbanwee na 30 ° C na-enweghị mgbanwe pH ọ bụla.Ọtụtụ ọmụmụ kwubiri na arụmọrụ nke carbon absorbents na okpomọkụ nke 25-40 Celsius adịghị arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịchọpụta mwepụ MC.Ọ bụ ezie na ụkpụrụ pH dị oke egwu na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa, ebubo nwere ike ịmalite n'elu otu ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'elu, nke na-eduga ná nkwụsị nke mmekọrịta adsorbate-adsorbent ma na-emetụta mgbasa ozi.Ya mere, a họọrọ ọnọdụ ndị a dị n'elu n'ọmụmụ ihe a na-atụle ọnọdụ ndị a na mkpa ọ dị maka ọgwụgwọ mmiri mmiri na-ahụkarị.
N'ime ọrụ a, a na-eme nnwale mgbasa ozi batch site n'ịgbakwunye 20 mg nke MNCs na 20 ml nke ngwọta mmiri nke methylene acha anụnụ anụnụ nwere ọkwa mmalite dị iche iche (5-20 ppm) na oge kọntaktị 60.Ọnụọgụ mgbakwunye 8 na-egosi ọkwa dị iche iche (5-20 ppm) nke ngwọta methylene blue blue tupu ọgwụgwọ na MNC10, MNC15, na MNC20.Mgbe ị na-eji MNC dị iche iche, ọkwa agba nke ngwọta MB belatara.N'ụzọ na-akpali mmasị, a chọpụtara na MNC20 na-eme ka ngwọta MB dị mfe na ntinye nke 5 ppm.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, MNC20 wedakwara ọkwa agba nke ngwọta MB ma e jiri ya tụnyere ndị MNC ndị ọzọ.A na-egosi ụdịdị dị iche iche a na-ahụ anya nke UV nke MNC10-20 na Ntụnye mgbakwunye 9. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, egosiri ọnụego mwepụ na ozi mgbasa ozi na foto 9. 6 na na tebụl 3, n'otu n'otu.
Enwere ike ịhụ ọnụ ọnụ elu methylene siri ike na 664 nm na 600 nm.Dị ka a na-achị, ike nke ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ebelata site na mbelata ntinye mbụ nke ngwọta MG.Na Fig. 9a ndị ọzọ na-egosi ihe ngosi UV na-ahụ anya nke MB ngwọta dị iche iche mgbe a gwọchara ya na MNC10, nke na-agbanwe naanị ike nke elu.N'aka nke ọzọ, ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu nke ngwọta MB belatara nke ukwuu mgbe a gwọchara ya na MNC15 na MNC20, dị ka egosiri na Mgbakwunye 9b na c, n'otu n'otu.A na-ahụ mgbanwe ndị a nke ọma ka ntinye nke ngwọta MG na-ebelata.Otú ọ dị, mgbanwe spectral nke carbon magnetik atọ ahụ nwetara zuru ezu iji wepụ ihe na-acha anụnụ anụnụ methylene.
Dabere na tebụl 3, a na-egosipụta nsonaazụ maka ọnụọgụ MC adsorbed na pasent nke MC adsorbed na Fig.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, pasentị mgbasa ozi ma ọ bụ ọnụego mwepụ MB (MBR) gosipụtara omume dị iche mgbe itinye uche mbụ mụbara.Na nleba anya nke mbụ MC, saịtị ndị na-adịghị arụ ọrụ nọgidere na-adị n'elu adsorbent.Ka ntinye ihe eji esiji na-abawanye, ọnụọgụ saịtị ndị na-adịghị arụ ọrụ dị maka mgbasa nke ụmụ irighiri ihe ga-ebelata.Ndị ọzọ kwubiri na n'okpuru ọnọdụ ndị a, a ga-enweta saturation nke saịtị na-arụ ọrụ nke biosorption72.
Ọ dị nwute na MNC10, MBR mụbara ma belata ka 10 ppm nke ngwọta MB gasịrị.N'otu oge ahụ, ọ bụ naanị obere akụkụ nke MG na-akwado.Nke a na-egosi na 10 ppm bụ ihe kachasị mma maka mgbasa ozi MNC10.Maka ndị MNC niile a mụrụ n'ọrụ a, usoro nke ike adsorption bụ nke a: MNC20> MNC15> MNC10, nkezi ụkpụrụ bụ 10.36 mg / g, 6.85 mg / g na 0.71 mg / g, nkezi mwepụ nke MG ọnụego. 87, 79%, 62.26% na 5.75%.Ya mere, MNC20 gosipụtara njirimara mgbasa ozi kachasị mma n'etiti nanocarbons magnetik synthesized, na-eburu n'uche ikike mgbasa ozi na ụdị dị iche iche nke UV.Ọ bụ ezie na ike adsorption dị ala ma e jiri ya tụnyere magnetik nanocarbons ndị ọzọ dị ka MWCNT magnetik composite (11.86 mg / g) na halloysite nanotube-magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (18.44 mg / g), ọmụmụ ihe a anaghị achọ ka a na-eji ihe na-akpali akpali.Chemicals na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe na-akpali akpali.na-enye ụzọ sịntetịk dị ọcha ma kwe omume73,74.
Dị ka e gosiri site na SBET ụkpụrụ nke MNCs, elu kpọmkwem elu na-enye ndị ọzọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike saịtị maka mgbasa ozi nke MB ngwọta.Nke a na-aghọ otu n'ime ihe ndị bụ isi nke nanocarbons sịntetik.N'otu oge ahụ, n'ihi obere nha nke MNC, oge nchịkọta dị mkpụmkpụ na nke a na-anabata, nke kwekọrọ na àgwà ndị bụ isi nke adsorbents75 na-ekwe nkwa.Tụnyere adsorbents eke eke, MNCs synthesized na-ejupụta na magnetik na enwere ike wepu ya ngwa ngwa na ngwọta n'okpuru ọrụ nke oghere ndọta76.Ya mere, oge a chọrọ maka usoro ọgwụgwọ dum na-ebelata.
Adsorption isotherms dị oké mkpa iji ghọta usoro mgbasa ozi wee gosipụta otú nkebi nke adsorbate n'etiti mmiri mmiri na akụkụ siri ike mgbe ruru nha nha.A na-eji Langmuir na Freundlich equations mee ihe dị ka ọkọlọtọ isotherm equations, nke na-akọwa usoro nke mgbasa ozi, dị ka e gosiri na Figure 7. Ụdị Langmuir na-egosi nke ọma nhazi nke otu adsorbate oyi akwa n'elu elu nke adsorbent.A na-akọwa nke ọma isotherms dị ka ihe na-ekesa ihe na-emekọrịta ihe.N'otu oge ahụ, Freundlich isotherm kacha mma na-ekwu na ntinye aka nke ọtụtụ mpaghara adsorbent na ike mgbasa ozi na ịpị adsorbate na elu na-adịghị mma.
Ụdị isotherm maka Langmuir isotherm (a-c) na Freundlich isotherm (d-f) maka MNC10, MNC15 na MNC20.
Adsorption isotherms na mkpokọta solute dị ala na-abụkarị linear77.Enwere ike igosipụta nnochite anya ahịrị nke ụdị Langmuir isotherm n'otu nhata.1 Kpebie paramita mgbasa ozi.
KL (l/mg) bụ Langmuir na-anọchi anya njikọ njikọ MB na MNC.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, qmax bụ ikike mgbasa ozi kachasị (mg/g), qe bụ mkpokọta adsorbed nke MC (mg/g), na Ce bụ nha nhata nke ngwọta MC.Enwere ike ịkọwa okwu ahịrịokwu nke ụdị Freundlich isotherm dị ka ndị a:
Oge nzipu: Feb-16-2023