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A na-anwale ihe anọ rọba ihe nchara nchara (RuCFST), otu ihe nchara nchara (CFST) na otu ihe na-adịghị mma n'okpuru ọnọdụ ịgbagọ dị ọcha.Ihe ndị dị na ya bụ shear ratio (λ) site na 3 ruo 5 na ngbanwe rọba (r) site na 10% ruo 20%.A na-enweta ihe na-ehulata oge-mgbagwoju anya, ihe na-ehulata oge na-atụgharị oge, na oge na-ehulata oge.A na-enyocha usoro mbibi nke ihe na-eji isi rọba.Nsonaazụ gosiri na ụdị ọdịda nke ndị otu RuCFST bụ ọdịda ọdịda.A na-ekesa ihe mgbawa na kọmpụta rọba n'otu n'otu na obere ntakịrị, na iji rọba na-ejuputa isi ihe na-egbochi mmepe nke mgbawa.Oke shear-to-span enwechaghị mmetụta na omume nke ụdị nnwale ahụ.Ọnụego ngbanwe rọba na-enwe mmetụta dị nta na ikike iguzogide oge na-ehulata, mana ọ nwere mmetụta ụfọdụ na nkwụsi ike nke ihe atụ.Mgbe emejuchara ihe nkedo rọba, ma e jiri ya tụnyere ihe atụ sitere na ọkpọkọ ígwè na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla, a na-emeziwanye ike na-ehulata na isi ike.
N'ihi ezigbo arụmọrụ seismic ha na ikike ibu dị elu, a na-eji usoro tubular kọmpụta siri ike (CFST) eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na mmemme injinia ọgbara ọhụrụ1,2,3.Dị ka ụdị ihe ọhụrụ nke roba, a na-eji ihe ndị na-emepụta rọba dochie ihe nchịkọta eke.A na-etolite ihe owuwu Rubber Concrete Filled Steel Pipe (RuCFST) site na imeju ọkpọkọ igwe na ihe rọba iji mee ka ductility na arụmọrụ ike nke ihe mejupụtara mejupụtara4.Ọ bụghị nanị na-ewe uru nke magburu onwe arụmọrụ nke CFST òtù, ma na-eme nke ọma ojiji nke roba mkpofu, nke na-egbo mkpa mmepe nke a green okirikiri akụ na ụba5,6.
N'ime afọ ole na ole gara aga, a mụọla omume nke ndị òtù CFST ọdịnala n'okpuru axial load7,8, axial load-time interaction9,10,11 na dị ọcha na-ehulata12,13,14.Nsonaazụ na-egosi na ikike ịgbagọ, isi ike, ductility na ike mkpofu ike nke kọlụm CFST na ibé na-emeziwanye site na njuputa ihe dị n'ime ma gosipụta ezigbo mgbaji ductility.
Ugbu a, ụfọdụ ndị nchọpụta amụwo omume na arụmọrụ nke kọlụm RuCFST n'okpuru ibu axial jikọtara ọnụ.Liu na Liang15 rụrụ ọtụtụ nnwale na mkpụmkpụ RuCFST ogidi, ma jiri ya tụnyere CFST ogidi, ndị ibu ikike na stiffness belatara na-amụba roba nnọchi ogo na roba urughuru size, mgbe ductility ụba.Duarte4,16 nwalere ọtụtụ kọlụm RuCFST dị mkpụmkpụ wee gosi na kọlụm RuCFST na-abawanye ụbara ọdịnaya roba.Liang17 na Gao18 kọkwara nsonaazụ yiri ya na njirimara nke plọg RuCFST dị nro na nke dị nro.Gu et al.19 na Jiang et al.20 mụrụ ikike ibu nke ihe RuCFST na okpomọkụ dị elu.Nsonaazụ gosiri na mgbakwunye nke roba mụbara ductility nke ihe owuwu ahụ.Ka okpomọkụ na-ebili, ikike ibu ibu na-agbada ntakịrị.Patel21 tụlere omume mkpakọ na mgbanwe nke obere CFST beams na ogidi nwere ngwụcha okirikiri n'okpuru axial na uniaxial loading.Mwepụta mgbakọ na mwepụ na nyocha parametric na-egosi na usoro ịme anwansị nke dabeere na fiber nwere ike nyochaa nke ọma arụmọrụ nke RCFST dị mkpirikpi.Mgbanwe mgbanwe na-abawanye site na akụkụ akụkụ, ike nke ígwè na kọnkịrị, ma na-ebelata site na omimi ruo oke nha.N'ozuzu, kọlụm RuCFST dị mkpụmkpụ na-akpa àgwà yiri nke ahụ na kọlụm CFST ma bụrụkwa ductile karịa kọlụm CFST.
Enwere ike ịhụ ya site na nyocha dị n'elu na kọlụm RuCFST na-akawanye mma mgbe ejiri ihe mgbakwunye rọba eme ihe n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị na isi ihe nke kọlụm CFST.Ebe ọ bụ na ọ dịghị ibu axial, nkwụnye ụgbụ na-eme n'otu njedebe nke ogwe kọlụm.N'ezie, njirimara agbagọ nke RuCFST na-adabere na njirimara ibu axial22.N'ime injinia bara uru, a na-edobe ihe owuwu RuCFST na ibu oge na-ehulata.Ọmụmụ ihe njirimara ya dị ọcha na-enyere aka ịchọpụta nrụrụ na ụdị ọdịda nke ihe ruCFST n'okpuru seismic action23.Maka ihe owuwu RuCFST, ọ dị mkpa iji mụọ ihe na-agbagọ dị ọcha nke ihe RuCFST.
Na nke a, a nwalere isii samples na-amụ n'ibu Njirimara nke kpere curved ígwè square ọkpọkọ.A haziri akụkọ ndị ọzọ dị ka ndị a.Nke mbụ, a nwalere ihe nlere anya akụkụ isii nke nwere ma ọ bụ enweghị ndochi rọba.Lelee ụdị ọdịda nke nlele ọ bụla maka nsonaazụ ule.Nke abuo, a na-enyocha arụmọrụ nke ihe RuCFST na nrịda dị ọcha, na mmetụta nke shear-to-span ratio nke 3-5 na ngbanwe rọba nke 10-20% na ihe nhazi nke RuCFST ka a tụlere.N'ikpeazụ, a na-atụnyere ndịiche dị na ikike ibu ibu na ịgbagọ isi n'etiti ihe RuCFST na ihe CFST ọdịnala.
Emechara ihe nlere isii CFST, anọ juputara na konkịtị rubberized, otu jupụtara na kọmta nkịtị, nke isii tọgbọrọ chakoo.A na-atụle mmetụta nke mgbanwe mgbanwe rọba (r) na span shear ratio (λ).A na-enye ihe ndị bụ isi nke ihe nlele ahụ na Tebụl 1. Akwụkwọ ozi t na-egosi ọkpụrụkpụ ọkpọkọ, B bụ ogologo akụkụ nke ihe nlele ahụ, L bụ ịdị elu nke ihe nlele, Mue bụ ike ịgbagọ, Kie bụ nke mbụ. na-ehulata isi, Kse bụ isi ike na-ehulata na ọrụ.ọnọdụ.
Emepụtara ihe nlere anya RuCFST ahụ site na efere igwe anọ gbakọtara na ụzọ abụọ iji mepụta tube nchara nwere oghere, bụ nke ejiri kọmpụta jupụta.A na-agbaji efere ígwè gbara ọkpụrụkpụ 10mm na nsọtụ nke ọ bụla.E gosipụtara ihe eji arụ ọrụ nke ígwè ahụ na tebụl 2. Dị ka ọkọlọtọ Chinese GB / T228-201024 si dị, a na-ekpebi ike ike (fu) na ike ike (fy) nke ọkpọ ígwè site na usoro ule nyocha.Nsonaazụ ule bụ 260 MPa na 350 MPa n'otu n'otu.Modul nke elasticity (Es) bụ 176 GPa, na nha Poisson (ν) nke ígwè bụ 0.3.
N'oge ule, a na-agbakọ ike cubic compressive (fcu) nke ihe ntụaka na ụbọchị 28 na 40 MPa.Ahọpụtara oke 3, 4 na 5 dabere na ntụaka 25 gara aga n'ihi na nke a nwere ike ikpughe nsogbu ọ bụla na nnyefe mgbanwe.Ọnụego nnọchi rọba abụọ nke 10% na 20% dochie ájá na ngwakọta kọmpụta.N'ime ọmụmụ ihe a, a na-eji ntụ ntụ roba nke Tianyu Cement Plant (Tianyu brand na China) mee ihe.The urughuru size nke roba bụ 1-2 mm.Tebụl 3 na-egosi oke nke kọnkịta rọba na ngwakọta.Maka ụdị ihe ọ bụla nke roba, a na-atụba cubes atọ nwere akụkụ nke 150 mm ma gwọọ ya n'okpuru ọnọdụ ule nke ụkpụrụ nyere.Aja a na-eji na ngwakọta bụ ájá silice na nchịkọta na-enweghị isi bụ nkume carbonate na Shenyang City, Northeast China.A na-egosi ike nrụgide cubic nke ụbọchị 28 (fcu), ike prismatic compressive (fc') na modul nke elasticity (Ec) maka mgbanwe mgbanwe rọba dị iche iche (10% na 20%) na Tebụl 3. Tinye GB50081-201926 ọkọlọtọ.
A na-anwale ụdị ule niile na cylinder hydraulic nwere ike nke 600 kN.N'oge nbudata, a na-etinye ike abụọ gbadoro anya n'otu n'otu n'otu ntabi anya na nkwụghachi ule na-ehulata isi anọ wee kesaa ya n'elu ihe atụ.A na-atụ nrụrụ site na nlele ise n'elu nlele ọ bụla.A na-ahụ ngbanwe site na iji sensọ mbugharị atọ egosiri na foto 1 na 2. 1 na 2.
Nnwale ahụ jiri sistemu ebubu ụzọ.Ibu ibu na ọsọ nke 2kN/s, wee kwụsịtụ na ibu ruru 10kN, lelee ma ngwaọrụ na ibu cell nọ n'ọnọdụ ọrụ nkịtị.N'ime eriri na-agbanwe, mmụba ibu ọ bụla na-emetụta ihe na-erughị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ iri nke ibu kacha elu e buru n'amụma.Mgbe ọkpọkọ ígwè ahụ na-agwụ, ibu etinyere na-erughị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ iri na ise nke ibu elu nke amụma.Jide ihe dị ka nkeji abụọ mgbe etinyere ọkwa ibu ọ bụla n'oge oge ntinye.Ka ihe nlele ahụ na-eru nso ọdịda, ọnụego nke nbudata na-aga n'ihu na-ebelata.Mgbe ibu axial ruru ihe na-erughị 50% nke ihe kachasị elu ma ọ bụ mmebi doro anya na-ahụ na ihe atụ ahụ, a ga-akwụsị ibu.
Mbibi nke ụdị ule niile gosipụtara ezigbo ductility.Ọ dịghị ihe mgbagwoju anya doro anya a chọtara na mpaghara nkwụsịtụ nke ọkpọkọ ígwè nke mpempe ule.A na-egosi ụdị mmebi nke ọkpọkọ ígwè na fig.3. Na-ewere sample SB1 dị ka ihe atụ, na mbụ ogbo nke loading mgbe ehulata oge na-erughị 18 kN m, sample SB1 bụ na-agbanwe ogbo na-enweghị doro anya deformation, na ọnụego nke mmụba na tụrụ na-ehulata oge dị ukwuu karịa. ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mmụba na curvature.Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọkpọkọ ígwè dị na mpaghara nkwụsịtụ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-agbanwe ma na-agafe n'ime ọkwa na-agbanwe-plastic.Mgbe oge na-ehulata ruru ihe dị ka 26 kNm, mpaghara mkpakọ nke igwe na-agba ọsọ na-amalite ịgbasa.Edema na-amalite nwayọọ nwayọọ ka ibu na-abawanye.Usoro ngbanwe nke ibu anaghị ebelata ruo mgbe ibu ahụ ruru ebe kacha elu ya.
Mgbe emechara nnwale ahụ, a na-egbutu SB1 (RuCFST) na sample SB5 (CFST) ka ha wee hụ nke ọma na ọnọdụ ọdịda nke isi ihe dị na ya, dị ka egosiri na Fig. A na-ekesa SB1 n'otu n'otu na obere ihe na isi ihe, na anya n'etiti ha bụ site na 10 ruo 15 cm.Ebe dị anya n'etiti mgbawa na sample SB5 bụ site na 5 ruo 8 cm, mgbawa na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe na doro anya.Na mgbakwunye, mgbawa dị na sample SB5 gbatịrị ihe dị ka 90 Celsius site na mpaghara esemokwu ruo mpaghara mkpakọ wee mepụta ihe ruru 3/4 nke ịdị elu ngalaba.Ihe mgbawa isi ihe dị na sample SB1 dị obere na obere oge karịa na nlele SB5.Dochie ájá na rọba nwere ike, ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ, gbochie mmepe nke cracks na ihe.
Na fig.5 na-egosi nkesa nke ngbanwe n'ogologo nke ụdị ọ bụla.Ahịrị siri ike bụ ntụgharị ntụgharị nke mpempe ule na ahịrị nwere ntụpọ bụ ebili mmiri sinusoidal ọkara.Site na fig.Ọnụọgụ 5 na-egosi na usoro ntụgharị mkpanaka ahụ dị mma na nkwekọ nke sinusoidal ọkara-ebili mmiri na mbido mbụ.Ka ibu ahụ na-abawanye, usoro ntụgharị ahụ na-adaba ntakịrị site na akụkụ sinusoidal ọkara ebili mmiri.Dị ka a na-achị, n'oge a na-ebu ibu, ntụgharị ntụgharị nke ihe nlele niile na ebe nha ọ bụla bụ akụkụ nke ọkara-sinusoidal symmetrical.
Ebe ọ bụ na ngbanwe nke ihe RuCFST dị na nrịda dị ọcha na-esote akụkụ nke ọkara-ebili mmiri nke sinusoidal, enwere ike ịkọwa nha nhata dị ka:
Mgbe eriri eriri kachasị elu bụ 0.01, n'ịtụle ọnọdụ ngwa n'ezie, a na-ekpebi oge ịgbagọ kwekọrọ dị ka ikike oge ịgbagọ kacha nke mmewere27.The tụrụ ekwe oge ikike (Mue) otú kpebisiri ike na-egosi na Isiokwu 1. Dị ka tụrụ ekwe oge ikike (Mue) na usoro (3) maka ịgbakọ curvature (φ), M-φ curve na Figure 6 nwere ike ịbụ. kpara nkata.Maka M = 0.2Mue28, a na-ewere Kie isi ike mbụ dị ka isi ike na-ehulata shie kwekọrọ.Mgbe M = 0.6Mue, a na-edobe isi ike na-ehulata (Kse) nke ọkwa ọrụ na nkwụsi ike nke secant kwekọrọ.
Enwere ike ịhụ site n'okirikiri oge na-ehulata na oge ịgbagọ na curvature na-abawanye nke ọma n'ahịrị n'usoro ngbanwe.Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke uto nke oge na-ehulata n'ụzọ doro anya dị elu karịa nke curvature.Mgbe oge m na-ehulata bụ 0.2Mue, ihe nlere ahụ rutere na njedebe njedebe.Ka ibu ahụ na-abawanye, ihe nlele ahụ na-enweta nrụrụ plastik wee banye na ọkwa elastoplastic.Na oge na-ehulata M hà 0.7-0.8 Mue, a ga-emezi ọkpọkọ ígwè na mpaghara esemokwu na mpaghara mkpakọ ọzọ.N'otu oge ahụ, Mf curve nke ihe nlele ahụ na-amalite igosipụta onwe ya dị ka ihe ntụgharị ma na-eto eto na-abụghị nke linearly, nke na-eme ka mmetụta jikọtara ọnụ nke ọkpọkọ ígwè na eriri roba roba.Mgbe M ha nhata na Mue, ihe nlere ahụ na-abanye n'ime ogbo ike ike rọba, na ntụgharị na ntụgharị nke ihe atụ ahụ na-abawanye ngwa ngwa, ebe oge na-ehulata na-abawanye nwayọọ nwayọọ.
Na fig.7 na-egosi akụkụ nke oge ịgbagọ (M) megide nje (ε) maka nlele ọ bụla.Akụkụ elu nke akụkụ etiti etiti nke ihe nlele ahụ dị n'okpuru mkpakọ, na akụkụ nke ala dị n'okpuru esemokwu.Ihe nlele nke akara “1″ na “2″ dị n’elu mpempe ule ahụ, ihe nlele nke akara “3″ dị n’etiti ihe nlere ahụ, yana ihe nlele nke akara “4″ na “5″.” dị n'okpuru nlele ule.A na-egosi akụkụ ala nke ihe nlele ahụ na Fig 2. Site na 7 ọ nwere ike ịhụ na na mbido mbụ nke loading, longitudinal deformations na mpaghara esemokwu na na mpaghara mkpakọ nke mmewere dị nnọọ nso, na deformations bụ ihe dịka ahịrị.N'etiti akụkụ nke etiti, enwere ntakịrị mmụba ogologo oge nrụrụ, ma ịdị ukwuu nke mmụba a dị ntakịrị. Mgbe ahụ, ihe nkedo roba na mpaghara esemokwu gbawara agbawa. N'ihi na ọkpọkọ ígwè na mpaghara mgbagwoju anya naanị kwesịrị iguzogide ike, na roba ihe na ọkpọkọ ígwè na mpaghara mkpakọ na-ebu ibu ọnụ, nrụrụ na mpaghara esemokwu nke mmewere dị ukwuu karịa nrụrụ dị na Ka ibu na-abawanye, nrụrụ ahụ gafere ike mkpụrụ nke ígwè, na ọkpọkọ ígwè na-abanye n'ime ya. ogbo elastoplastic. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mmụba nke ụdị nke ihe nlele ahụ dị elu karịa oge na-ehulata, na mpaghara plastik malitere ịmalite na mpaghara obe zuru oke.
E gosipụtara akụkụ M-um maka nlele ọ bụla na eserese 8. Na fig.8, akụkụ M-um niile na-agbaso otu usoro ahụ dịka ndị otu CFST ọdịnala22,27.N'ọnọdụ nke ọ bụla, akụkụ M-um na-egosi nzaghachi na-agbanwe agbanwe na mbido mbụ, na-esote omume na-adịghị ahụkebe na nkwụsi ike na-ebelata, ruo mgbe a ga-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ rute oge nkwụsị kacha mma.Agbanyeghị, n'ihi parampat ule dị iche iche, akụkụ M-um dịtụ iche.Oge ntughari maka oke shear-to-span ratios site na 3 ruo 5 ka egosiri na fig.8a.Ike ekwe ekwe nke sample SB2 (shiee ihe λ = 4) bụ 6.57% ala karịa nke sample SB1 (λ = 5), na ike na-ehulata oge nke sample SB3 (λ = 3) dị ukwuu karịa nke sample SB2. (λ = 4) 3.76%.N'ikwu okwu n'ozuzu, ka oke nke shear-to-span na-abawanye, mgbanwe mgbanwe na oge a na-ekwe ka ọ pụtaghị ìhè.Usoro M-um adịghị ka ọ nwere ihe jikọrọ ya na oke shear-to-span.Nke a dabara n'ihe Lu na Kennedy25 hụrụ maka ọkụ ọkụ CFST nwere oke shear-to-span sitere na 1.03 ruo 5.05.Ihe nwere ike ime maka ndị otu CFST bụ na n'ụdị dị iche iche na-akpụ akpụ, usoro nnyefe ike dị n'etiti isi ihe na ọkpọ ígwè fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu, nke na-apụtaghị ìhè dị ka ndị òtù agbakwunyere ike25.
Site na fig.8b na-egosi na ikike ibu nke ihe atụ SB4 (r = 10%) na SB1 (r = 20%) dị ntakịrị elu ma ọ bụ dị ala karịa nke omenala omenala CFST SB5 (r = 0), ma mụbaa site na 3.15 pasent wee belata site na. pasent 1.57.Otú ọ dị, isi ike nke mbụ (Kie) nke ihe atụ SB4 na SB1 dị elu karịa nke SB5, nke bụ 19.03% na 18.11%, n'otu n'otu.Isi ike na-ehulata (Kse) nke ihe atụ SB4 na SB1 na usoro ọrụ bụ 8.16% na 7.53% dị elu karịa nke sample SB5, n'otu n'otu.Ha na-egosi na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ngbanwe rọba na-enwe mmetụta dị nta na ike ịgbagha, ma ọ na-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na nrịda siri ike nke ụdị RuCFST.Nke a nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi na plasticity nke roba ihe na RuCFST samples dị elu karịa plasticity nke eke ihe na ot CFST samples.N'ozuzu, cracking na cracking na eke concrete na-amalite ịgbasa na mbụ karịa na rubberized concrete29.Site na-ahụkarị ọdịda mode nke isi ihe (Fig. 4), cracks nke sample SB5 (eke ihe) bụ ibu na denser karịa ndị sample SB1 (rubber concrete).Nke a nwere ike inye aka na njide dị elu nke ọkpọ ígwè na-enye maka SB1 Reinforced Concrete sample tụnyere SB5 Natural Concrete sample.Ọmụmụ Durate16 bịakwara na nkwubi okwu yiri nke ahụ.
Site na fig.8c na-egosi na ihe RuCFST nwere ikike na-ehulata mma na ductility karịa ihe nchara ígwè oghere.The ekwe ike nke sample SB1 si RuCFST (r = 20%) bụ 68.90% elu karịa nke sample SB6 si efu ígwè ọkpọkọ, na mbụ ekwe isi ike (Kie) na ekwe stiffness na ogbo nke ọrụ (Kse) nke sample SB1. bụ 40.52% n'otu n'otu., nke dị elu karịa sample SB6, bụ 16.88% elu.Ihe ejikọtara ọnụ nke ọkpọkọ ígwè na ihe nkedo nke rubberized na-eme ka ike na-agbanwe agbanwe na ike nke ihe mejupụtara.Ihe ndị RuCFST na-egosipụta ezigbo ụdị ductility mgbe edobere ibu na-ehulata dị ọcha.
E jiri oge na-ehulata pụta tụnyere oge ịgbagọ nke akọwapụtara n'ụkpụrụ imewe ugbu a dị ka iwu Japanese AIJ (2008) 30, iwu Britain BS5400 (2005) 31, iwu European EC4 (2005) 32 na iwu China GB50936 (2014) 33. oge na-ehulata. (Muc) na oge ịgbado nnwale (Mue) ka enyere na Tebụl 4 wee gosipụta ya na fig.9. The gbakọọ ụkpụrụ nke AIJ (2008), BS5400 (2005) na GB50936 (2014) bụ 19%, 13.2% na 19.4% ala karịa nkezi ibuo ụkpụrụ, karị.Oge mgbada gbakọrọ site na EC4 (2005) bụ 7% n'okpuru nkezi uru ule, nke kacha nso.
A na-enyocha ihe eji arụ ọrụ nke ihe RuCFST dị n'okpuru ịgbagọ dị ọcha.Dabere na nyocha ahụ, enwere ike nweta nkwubi okwu ndị a.
Ndị otu RuCFST nwalere gosipụtara omume yiri ụkpụrụ CFST ọdịnala.Ewezuga ụdị ọkpọkọ igwe anaghị agba nchara, ụdị RuCFST na CFST nwere ezigbo ductility n'ihi ndochi nke roba na kọnti.
Oke shiee ka ọ dị n'ogologo dịgasị iche site na 3 ruo 5 na-enwe mmetụta dị nta na oge a nwalere na isi ike na-ehulata.Ọnụego mgbanwe rọba enweghị mmetụta ọ bụla na nguzogide ihe nlele ahụ ruo oge na-ehulata, mana ọ nwere mmetụta ụfọdụ na nkwụchi nke ihe nlele ahụ.Isi ike ngbanwe izizi nke ụdị SB1 nwere oke nnọchi rọba nke 10% bụ 19.03% dị elu karịa nke ụdị ọdịnala CFST SB5.Eurocode EC4 (2005) na-enye ohere nyocha ziri ezi nke ikike ịgbagọ kacha nke ihe RuCFST.Mgbakwunye nke rọba na ihe mgbakwasị ụkwụ na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ nke ihe ahụ dịkwuo mma, na-enye ihe ndị Confucian dị mma.
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